• Discovery and Development
Transforming lives by accelerating discovery
• IND enabling preclinical studies
• GLP • AAALAC
• CPCSEA • DSIRS
Keep discovering.
Anthem’s diverse portfolio of services from early in vitro and cell based research to various established animal models, DMPK and toxicology caters to a large number of clients from different industries.
Molecular Biology
• Gene synthesis and cloning
• Expression analysis
• Protein expression
Molecular Biology
Assay Biology
• Enzymatic assays
• Expression assays
• Cell based assays
Assay Biology
ADME/PK
• In vitro DMPK – physicochemical,
distribution, absorption,
metabolism
• In vivo pharmacokinetics
ADME/PK
In vivo Pharmacology
Disease Models:
• Oncology
• Immuno-oncology
• Inflammation
• Auto-immune disorders
• Metabolic disorders
• CNS disorders
In vivo Pharmacology
Toxicology
• Genetic toxicology
• In vivo toxicology services
• In vitro toxicology
• Bio-Analytical Development and
Validation
Toxicology
Microbiology
• In vitro & in vivo evaluation for
Antibacterial and Antifungal
Molecule
• Biofilm evaluation
• AMES test
• Cosmetics/Personal care products
evaluation
• Antibiotic potency evaluation
• Quantitation suspension test /
Time-killassays
• Bacteriophage isolation
Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Gene synthesis and cloning
+ -- Tailor made vectors through cloning of cDNA, promoter or genomic DNA into any vector for the desired downstream application
- Reporter systems, site-directed mutagenesis, cDNA and genomic DNA libraries
Expression analysis
+ -- mRNA, miRNA and protein isolation from various cell types and tissue samples
- Quantitative analysis of mRNA and miRNA by real time RT-PCR and protein expression analysis performed using Western blotting or ELISA
Protein expression and production
+ --
Bacterial
- Comprehensive services in cloning, expression and purification of peptides and proteins
- Purification of therapeutic proteins, growth hormones, industrial enzymes and viral proteins in bacteria Yeast
- Bio-process optimization in various yeast expression systems - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris Mammalian
- Transient expression of proteins using plasmid transfections
- Stable expression in engineered cell lines using lentiviral vectors
- High expression levels of heterologous proteins in CHO, Sp2/0 and HEK cell lines
Toxicology
Genetic Toxicology
+ -- Ames test
- Chromosomal aberration test (In vitro & In vivo )
- Micronucleus test (In vitro & In vivo )
- Mouse Lymphoma assay
In vivo toxicology services
+ -- Acute (Six Pack) studies
- Acute Toxicity
- Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
- Dose Range Finding study
- Repeat dose (7 - 90 day) Toxicity studies
- Chronic Toxicity
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) Studies
- Carcinogenicity
- Eye Irritation Test
- Skin Irritation Test
- Skin sensitization (LLNA)
- Eco toxicology services – Studies on Daphnia, fish, earthworm, honeybee, algae
In vitro toxicology
+ -- Ames test
- hERG binding Assay
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cytotoxicity
- Skin Irritation test Episkin
- Skin corrosion test
- 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake assay
- In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation test: L5178YTK+/- Mouse lymphoma
Bio-Analytical Development and Validation
+ -- Pre-formulation development for preclinical studies
- Method development and validation (Formulation & Toxicokinetics)
- Toxicokinetics analysis
- Immunogenicity
- Dose confirmation analysis
- Residue Analysis
Other services
+ -- Phospholipidosis and Steatosis Assay
- Lysosomotropism
- Hemolysis assay
- Transdermal Permeability Testing
- Phototoxicity Testing
- Colony formation cytotoxicity test
- MTT cytotoxicity test
- Filter Diffusion test
- Agar Diffusion test
- Allergenicity Studies
Microbiology
In vitro microbiology
+ --
Anti-infective screening
- Microbial characterization (antibiotic resistance screening)
- Antimicrobial evaluation of compounds by Broth dilution/Micro broth/Agar dilution/Agar well diffusion/disc diffusion method
- MIC determination for antibacterial and antifungal compounds, MIC50, MIC90, MIC with variable elements (serum, albumin, inoculum, temperature effect)
- Kill kinetics (Time Kill), Post-antibiotic effect (PAE)
- Mutation prevention concentration (MPC) and frequency determination
- In vitro Resistance development
- Microbial biofilm susceptibility
- Drug combination study (FIC index, synergism/antagonism /indifference /additive effect)
- Efflux pump inhibitor screen (ethidium bromide accumulation)
- Beta lactamase inhibitor screening
- Hemolytic activity
- S-35 methionine incorporation (for de novo protein synthesis)
- PK-PD correlation
- Bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test)
-
Preservative efficacy test (PET)/ Preservative Challenge Testing
- ISO-11930-2012 Cosmetics
- USP39 – (51) Antimicrobial effectiveness Testing
-
Antimicrobial activity
- ASTM: E 2315 – 03 Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity Using a Time-Kill Procedure
- BS EN 1650:2008+A1:2013: Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics
- BS EN 1276:2009: Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity
- Sterility test /Total viable count (Product evaluation
-
Microbiological Examination
- IS 14648: 2011 Microbiological Examination of Cosmetics and Cosmetic raw material
Cosmetics/Personal care products evaluation
Bacteriophage
+ -- Isolation of bacteriophages for specific strains
- Characterization – Host range analysis with multiples strains/ One step Growth curve/Burst size/TEM analysis
- Genomic sequence of phages
- Stability studies for bacteriophage formulations
- In vivo efficacy evaluation of bacteriophages
-
Available bacterial/fungal strains include multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens (ATCC/other)
- Gram Positive strains
- Gram Negative strains
- Yeast & Molds
- Anaerobes and facultative anaerobes
In vivo microbiology
+ -- Bacterial peritonitis/ Systemic Infection Models/Outcome model – ED50 determination
-
Organ burden model
- Thigh – Gram negative/ Gram positive
- Lung
- Vaginal
- Skin/wound
In vivo Pharmacology
Oncology
+ --
Human xenograft tumor models in immune-compromised mice
- Cell line derived xenograft models
- Orthotopic tumor models
- Metastasis and angiogenesis models
- PK/PD correlation studies
- Biomarker analysis in tumor tissue by IHC/ ELISA/WB/qRT-PCR
- Flow cytometry analysis of tumor tissues
Immuno-oncology models
+ -- Tumor models for Immuno-oncology- Syngeneic tumor models in immunocompetent mice
- Tumor Models: EMT6, CT26, LLC-1, B16F10
- Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, Anti-PD1 and Anti-CTLA4, CART-cell therapy
- Tumor microenvironment studies by Flow Cytometry
- Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Tumor associated macrophages
- Cytokine evaluation in Tumors and Serum (IL-6, IP-10, IFNβ)
- Efficacy evaluation combined with Tumor/Blood sampling for Pharmacokinetics, hematology, tumor histology, analysis of proliferation and apoptosis markers (p53, Ki67, TUNEL staining)
Panel of Tumor Models
+ -Origin | Histotype | Cell line |
---|---|---|
Human | Prostate adenocarcinoma | PC3, DU-145, VCaP |
Breast Adenocarcinoma | MDA-MB-231, MCF7, BT-474 | |
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | HCT-116, HT-29 | |
Ovarian Adenocarcinoma | SK-OV-3, NIH:OVCAR-3 | |
Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) | A549, NCI-H460, NCIH-1299, NCI-H187 | |
Pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma | PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 | |
Renal carcinoma | 786-O, A498 | |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | FaDu, C666-1, HK1, | |
Glioblastoma | U-87MG | |
Syngeneic (Mouse) |
Lewis lung carcinoma | LLC-1 |
Melanoma | B16F10, B16F0 | |
Colon | CT26 | |
Breast | EMT6 |
Inflammation models
+ -- Inflammatory bowel disease (DSS induced colitis)
- Carrageenan induced edema
- LPS induced sepsis/cytokine release models
- Atopic dermatitis model
-
Biomarker analysis
- Inflammatory markers, cytokine analysis in plasma/tissue (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1), Histopathology and IHC
Autoimmune disease models
+ -- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Collagen/ Adjuvant-induced Arthritis (CIA) model in DBA1 mice/ Lewis Rats
- Graft Vs. Host disease (GvHD): Allograft GvHD mouse model
- Clinical endpoints: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Disease scoring, Histopathology, Cytokine analysis, Flow cytometry
- Imiquimod induced psoriasis
- Immunomodulatory studies: Ex vivo study in Mouse splenocytes
Metabolic diseases and Liver disease models
+ -- Mouse/Rat models of diabetes and obesity
- Genetic models of obesity/diabetes: db/db and ob/ob mice
- Streptozotocin induced diabetes
- High fat induced (HFD) induced diabetes and HFD induced obesity (DIO), dyslipidemia models
- Glucose tolerance studies
- Fatty Liver disease
- CCL4 / Ethanol/ Drug induced hepatotoxicity models
- Clinically relevant endpoint analysis by clinical chemistry, histology, ELISAs, qPCR.
Neuroscience disease models
+ -- Multiple sclerosis: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
-
Neurodegenerative disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in transgenic SOD1G93A mice
- Epilepsy models: Maximum Electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures
Assay Biology
Enzymatic assays
+ -- Anti-oxidants (ORAC/NORAC/SORAC/HORAC)
- NAD/NADH
- Nitric oxide synthesis
- Cox and Lox
- Prostaglandins
- Kinase assays
- Epoxide inhibition assays
- Hydrolase inhibition assays
- Reporter based NF-kb activation assay
- HDAC assay
- Caspase assay
- Cathepsin inhibition assay
- AMPK activation assay
- Protease and DNase assay
- Bead based removal of RNA from DNA sample
- Immunomodulatory effects of ANDA molecules and small molecules
Expression and PTM assays
+ -- mRNA expression using qRT-PCR
- Protein expression through western blot analysis
- AMPK activation assay through ELISA
- Signal transduction assay through western blot analysis
- Aβ-42 estimation
- Cytokine, chemokine and growth factors through ELISA
- Human APP through ELISA
- Target modulation assay for Histone H3 and H4
Cell based assays
+ -- Glucose uptake assay
- Insulin secretion assay
- Differentiation of pre-adipocyte to adipocyte
- ROS assay
- Fatty acid accumulation in HepG2 – Oil O red or Nile red staining
- In vitro NASH model
- In vitro Wilson disease model
- Receptor binding assays
- Migration and scratch assay
- Tube formation (in vitro angiogenesis)
- Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay
- ATP synthesis assay
- Mitochondrial aberration – JC-I staining
- Mitotracker analysis
- Phosphorylation
- Early detection of cell apoptosis using Annexin V or caspase assay
- PARP cleavage
- DNA fragmentation
- Cell cycle analysis (PI staining)
- Cell cycle regulator expression study through qRT-PCR or western blot
- Cell based reporter assays (promoter and signal transduction pathway analysis)
ADME/PK
In vitro DMPK
+ --
Physicochemical properties
- Thermokinetic and thermodynamic solubility (Multi-Screen HTS filter plates/ LC- MS/MS method)
- Stability in buffer solutions, simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid (Fasted and Fed), in plasma of different species like Mice, Rat, Dog, Monkey and Human
- Log D, log P and pKa determination
- Aqueous solubility and stability at different pH
-
Distribution
- Plasma Protein binding determination by Ultrafiltration method and Equilibrium dialysis
- Species: Mice, Rat, Dog, Monkey and Human
- In vitro tissue binding, blood cell partitioning and microsomal binding
-
Absorption
- PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay)
- MDCK-wild type permeability
- MDR1-MDCK permeability for P-gp interaction
- Calcein AM assay for P-gp interaction and inhibition
- Caco-2 permeability – unidirectional and bidirectional permeability
-
Metabolism
- Metabolic stability in liver, intestinal microsomes, S9 fractions and hepatocytes
- Metabolite identification (phase I and II) and characterization studies using LC- MS/MS
- Species: mice, rat, dog, monkey and human
In vivo pharmacokinetics
+ --
Types of PK studies
- Single dose, multiple dose, cross over, cassette dose
- Oral, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intramuscular, Intraperitoneal, Per rectal
- rat, mouse, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits
- Brain, liver, adipose, skin, muscle, spinal cord
- Cancer models e.g. tumor bearing animals
- Diabetes models e.g. db / db mouse
- Obesity models e.g. Ob/ob mouse, DIO mouse
- Inflammation models e.g. IBD model, arthritis model
- Tissue distribution in efficacy models and PK-PD correlation
- WinNonlin analysis
- Parameters reported: Tmax , Cmax , AUClast , AUC∞, Cl, t1/2 , Vss, MRT and F%
- Method development and validation
- Recovery and linearity studies
- Development of analytical methods in Biological Matrix - plasma, serum, bone marrow, lymph node, urine, feces, bile and tissues
- Sample analysis from both in vivo and in vitro studies
Facilities
Cell culture suites
- • Fluorescence imaging microscope
- • Multimode plate reader
- • Flow cytometer
- • Cell counter
Vivarium and Toxicology
- • Experiment rooms
- • Procedure rooms
- • Quarantine rooms
- • Surgery room
- • Necropsy room
- • Clinical chemistry and histopathology facility
DMPK – Tox laboratory
- • LC-MS rooms
- • Sample storage rooms
- • Sample preparation rooms
- • Tissue culture lab
- • Test item storage room
- • Archival facility
Lead the Change.
Anthem is committed to the highest standards of quality, compliance, and on-time delivery. Our culture has gained the trust of partners around the world.
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